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ACCESO HISPANO
Promoting Effective Outreach to Our Latino Community
The Newsletter of the Self Reliance Foundation and Hispanic Radio Network (Issue 3: January-February 2004)

Contents

Special Focus: Mental Illness and the Latino Community
Moving beyond Mal de Ojo: Promoting Quality Mental Health Outreach
Step-by-Step Guide Tackles Pervasive Problem: Latina Depression
Agency's Dynamo a Force in the Latino Community
La Columna Vertebral: Mental Health: Important for Everyone

Spanish Mental Health Resources on the Internet

And More...
Ama Tu Vida: Maryland County Promotes Cancer Prevention
Facing My Biggest Fear: Poor Educational Opportunities
Announcements

Contributors' Guidelines

Hispanic Radio Network Programming

Moving beyond Mal de Ojo: Promoting Quality Mental Health Outreach to Latinos
By Ellen Alderton, Project Officer, Self Reliance Foundation

With health threats such as AIDS, cancer, or diabetes receiving substantial public attention, few people realize that mental illnesses are actually much more common than any of these other diseases. In the United States, one out of five American adults will experience a diagnosable mental disorder each year. Conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders can strike anyone at any time - regardless of age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

The symptoms of mental illness can be devastating not only for those afflicted, but also for their family members and loved ones. Mental illnesses can strike their victims with delusions, hallucinations, anxiety, panic attacks, or hopelessness and despair - causing suffering and disrupting lives. Indeed, according to the World Health Organization, four of the top ten leading causes of disability worldwide are mental illnesses.

"I'll keep it to myself."

Particularly in the Hispanic community, the stigma and taboo surrounding mental illnesses can prevent many people from seeking the professional treatment they need. The U.S. Surgeon General reports that Latinos are far less likely than other Americans to seek professional help for mental health problems - only one in 11 Latino adults in need of mental health treatment actually ever visits a healthcare professional. Cultural values such as "personalismo" (self-sufficiency) and "familismo" (family centeredness) can contribute to this reluctance to seek outside assistance.

Those people who do attempt to consult with a professional must face a daunting array of socioeconomic, cultural and language barriers as they try to negotiate the mental healthcare system in this country. To begin with, U.S. Latinos experience the highest uninsurance rates of all minority groups, and fully 49% of Hispanic families have no regular doctor (compared to 25% of non-Hispanic whites). As a result, half of all Latinos do not see specialists but, rather, use a public clinic or a hospital as their usual source of care, with a high reliance on emergency room visits.

Once a Latino patient does make contact with a healthcare provider, additional hurdles immediately present themselves. The underrepresentation of Hispanic healthcare professionals, for example, is a well documented phenomenon, and the chances of a Latino patient actually connecting with a Latino provider are small. Even in California, a state with a 30.4% Hispanic population, less that 4.8% of the physicians are of Hispanic heritage.

The fact that over 14 million U.S. Latinos do not speak fluent English also makes visiting a doctor most challenging. A recent poll by the Commonwealth Fund found that 45% of Spanish-speaking Hispanics report communication problems when interacting with their doctors. One-quarter of these individuals also report that they have left a doctor's visit without even asking questions that they had about their care. Fully half report difficulties in understanding prescription information.

Cultural variables, too, present numerous barriers to obtaining appropriate mental health treatment. Not only are many Latinos adverse to seeking treatment, those who do seek treatment are also very likely to drop out again, possibly due to feelings of shame, a sense of resignation towards suffering, discomfort with therapy, or cultural values of self reliance.

What the doctors don't know

From the provider's point of view, Anglo professionals are often unaware of the myriad cultural and socioeconomic variables which can distinguish Hispanics from their other patients. Epidemiological profiles of mental disorders in the Hispanic community and the Caucasian community differ significantly: Various segments of the U.S. Latino population tend to experience high rates of depression, distress, PTSD, and substance abuse. Additionally, Latinos are twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to have diabetes, a disease associated with anxiety, irritability, nightmares and depression.

Studies also indicate that certain groups of Latinos, including Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and veterans, are significantly more likely than non-Hispanics to experience somatic symptoms which mask psychiatric conditions. Latino patients, furthermore, may understand and describe their symptoms according to culturally-specific paradigms such as "mal de ojo" (evil eye) or spiritual imbalances. Culture-bound symptoms such as "ataques de nervios" (nervous attacks) are also widely documented. Little wonder, then, that one-quarter of Latinos report concluding a healthcare visit with the impression that their doctor has listened to them only "somewhat" or "a little."

SRF and HRN initiatives

Sadly, the Surgeon General concludes that "despite the several models and growing interest in cultural competence, much work needs to be done before cultural competence will positively impact mental health service delivery for Latinos and other ethnic groups." Through various public education and outreach initiatives, the Self Reliance Foundation and Hispanic Radio Network remain committed to connecting U.S. Latinos to the mental health information and services that they need.

HRN's daily Fuente de Salud (Fountain of Health) short-format radio program frequently features mental health topics and is distributed across our network of 160 stations. The weekly syndicated HRN newspaper column, La Columna Vertebral (The Support Column), appears in 90 Spanish-language newspapers across the country, and also features mental health topics.

SRF's National Hispanic Resource Helpline is available 40 hours per week to provide references and information to callers with mental health concerns. This toll-free service connects callers across the country with trained, bilingual information and referral specialists. Our specialists can search our custom-developed national database of community organizations which provide services to Latinos. Currently, we are able to refer callers to over 1,000 local organizations providing mental health services in Spanish.

This past spring, SRF also convened a Conociendo Tu Salud Mental (Understanding Your Mental Health) advisory committee of mental health providers, advocates, and consumers including the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, the National Mental Health Association, the Latino Mental Behavioral Health Institute, Latinos Unidos Siempre, and Contac del Oeste. With oversight from this committee, we were pleased to develop four new radio capsules on mental illness: one providing general information, one discussing stigma, one on bipolar disorder and one on panic disorder. Two members of this advisory committee, Dr. Belisa Lozano-Vranich and Ana Lazu, have also contributed articles to this issue of Acceso Hispano on Latinas and depression and Latino mental health advocacy.

Finally, SRF is pleased to announce that we have just launched a mental health Web page as part of the Spanish-language Recursos y Enlaces (Links and Resources) section of our Web site. Click here to find Spanish-language information on mental illness and links to the premier Hispanic-serving mental illness/mental health sites on the Internet.

 

Step-by-Step Guide Tackles a Pervasive Problem: Latina Depression
By Jorge Petit, M.D. and Belisa Lozano-Vranich, Psy.D.

Statistics show that Latinas may, in fact, be much more susceptible to depression than other groups. But why is this?

Latinas, without ever realizing it, conform to many cultural and traditional patterns in dealing with life's issues. A person's belief system has a profound effect on how she copes with life, and on what her expectations are of herself and others. As a Latina, a woman may feel like an American, but she might also take comfort in the traditions, customs, and beliefs typical of Latino culture.

We all know that a common Latino trait is the desire to maintain family privacy; therefore, when Latinas are confronted with a problem like depression, they may resist saying anything or getting help, because they don't want anyone "getting into my business." Suffering needlessly, refusing to get treatment, they wait for things to blow over - which very often doesn't happen. This response is a culturally-based reaction; it is steeped in the traditions of family privacy that our parents and grandparents passed down to us. It is how they were taught to cope; likewise, it has how they have taught us to cope.

For many Latinas, depression is a lonely, life draining battle. Afraid of being considered crazy or loca, Latinas go to great lengths to hide their need for help. Oftentimes trying to convince themselves and those around them that what they are feeling isn't so bad, and that they can handle it on their own, Latinas make their situation worse by not confronting their emotions head-on.

(Dr. Petit is a psychiatrist and professor of psychiatry at Mount Sinai Medical Center. Dr. Vranich, a member of the Self Reliance Foundation's mental health advisory committee, received her doctorate in psychology and has a private practice in New York City.)

With our new book, The Seven Beliefs - A Step-by-Step Guide To Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression, we show Latinas that confronting and trying to overcome depression is possible - for themselves and/or their loved-ones - if they look at each aspect of their lives, step-by-step. We also demonstrate how this process requires Latinas to reach deep within themselves, and take hold of the cultural strengths that define them, so that they may lead healthy and full lives.

The Seven Beliefs begins with a call to "believe in yourself," which lays the groundwork for all the other beliefs. The subsequent chapter asks Latinas to "believe in the signs," and clarifies the difference between feeling the after-effects of a rotten day versus the emotional abyss generally associated with clinical depression. The book recognizes the importance of inspiring hope and encouragement in chapters such as "believe in change" and "believe in the future." Other chapters show Latinas that they must believe in the health of their body and spirit, and that a strong rooted sense of Hispanic cultural tradition is a built-in support system, innate and enduring.

Ultimately, The Seven Beliefs is a summary of our experiences as Latino doctors working with Latina patients and their families over the years. We examine the many reasons why Latinas refrain from getting help to fight depression; we look at the many taboos still attached to anything having to do with the discussion of mental health in the Latino community, and we discuss how - within the parameters of wonderfully rich Latino cultures and traditions - to successfully transcend these taboos, and honor one's needs and health.

 

Agency's Dynamo a Force in the Latino Community
By Dennis Anderson (Republished with permission from the Norwich Bulletin.)

When your path crosses a dynamo like Ana Lazu you can consider yourself fortunate, and a little bit dizzy. She can talk faster than an auctioneer. But Lazu's enthusiasm is infectious. Her dedication is worth praise. Her spirituality inspiring. And she is persuasive. When she asks for help on the behalf of those she serves, it's hard to say no.

Tomorrow night, the organization Lazu helped to create - Latinos Unidos Siempre (Latinos United Always) - commemorates its first anniversary with a celebration at Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church in Norwich. Latinos Unidos Siempre provides mental health education, outreach and advocacy services to eastern Connecticut's Latino community.

"When I first began my own struggle with anxiety and depression, I soon discovered that there was a double stigma for Latinos with mental health problems. First, there was the prejudice that anyone with mental illness must face. But within the Hispanic community, there was also the attitude that you don't talk about psychology; you may go to your priest, family members or espiritista, but you would never visit a doctor or take medication."

-- Ana Lazu, SRF Mental Health Advisory Committee Member

"The impact of (Latinos Unidos Siempre's) efforts in improving engagement and positive outcomes for this traditionally under-served population has been nothing short of remarkable," said Thomas A. Kirk, commissioner of the state Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services.

Lazu, who serves as the agency's executive director, works with volunteers out of a storefront office at 28 Broadway in Norwich.

Before I got to know Lazu, I had a meeting last year with the leadership at Centro de la Comunidad in Norwich. Our conversation turned to the possibility of the Norwich Bulletin providing some news in Spanish. They said they knew someone who might be interested.

A day later, I got a call from Lazu and we met for lunch. She got so excited about her plans for helping the Latino community that at times she was bouncing in her seat.

The agency she planned to create became Latinos Unidos Siempre. Soon, she was writing a Sunday column for The Bulletin in Spanish and English. The column and Latinos Unidos have grown together. Once a month I get a call from someone looking to reach Lazu. Some of the callers are desperate. Lazu knows their troubles intimately.

A few years ago, Lazu found her work in social services to be troubling. She became depressed. She had panic attacks. The health care system was of some help but all the services were in English. There was a cultural divide.

"One day I asked God for help. This was do or die," Lazu remembered. "I started doing research, calling the hospitals to see who had Latino workers. I didn't get straight answers. I started to get empowered. I was getting better and able to take control."

"I went on a venture and became vocal and an advocate. I wanted to help others."

Today, she is making a difference at the local and national level. She was recently appointed to the 12-member board of the National Latino Behavior Health Association. Her first board meeting was last month in Denver. Dr. Josie Romero, the association's president, gave Lazu a mission. She is to report problems experienced at the local level to the national organization.

"I came back from the (Denver) meeting with a spiritual strength," she said. "Where the changes can be made is at the national level." But she also knows her mission is here in Norwich.

Ama Tu Vida (Love Your Life): Montgomery County, Maryland Promotes Cancer Prevention

In Montgomery County, Maryland, home to a rapidly growing Latino population (80% increase between 1990 and 2000), the Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services is working in partnership with two Latino-serving community-based organizations in order to increase the use of colorectal, breast and cervical cancer screening among low-income, uninsured Latinos.

The Latino Health Initiative's Cancer Prevention and Control Program, a cooperative venture with CASA of Maryland and Community Ministries of Rockville, embraces a multifaceted outreach and education approach. With its slogan, Ama Tu Vida, (love your life) the program entails:

  • community feedback sessions to increase understanding of barriers to colorectal cancer screening;
  • a public education campaign using mass media;
  • recruitment, training, deployment, and supervision of 30 community health "promotores" (promoters);
  • technical assistance for capacity building among the community organizations; and
  • linkages with service providers.

Another facet of the program is the collaboration with numerous partners such as George Washington University Mobile Mammography Program to provide free breast cancer screening and education services to low-income, uninsured women living in the county. The goal of this collaboration is to make early detection of breast cancer and breast health education readily available to Latinas in Montgomery County.

(CASA of Maryland is one of the thousands of Latino-serving organizations in SRF's custom-developed provider database.)

The Latino Health Initiative was designed based upon a county-wide needs assessment conducted to identify major barriers affecting the health of Montgomery County Latinos - particularly those who were low-income or lacked health insurance (estimates range from 40% to 80% uninsured rates). Data indicated that Latino residents had the highest percent of self-pay hospital admissions of any other race/ethnic group.

The limited state epidemiological available data also pointed to cancer and heart disease as leading mortality factors for Maryland Latinos. Moreover, at a national level, cervical cancer is about seven times more prevalent among foreign-born Latinas than non-Latina whites, and Latinas have higher mortality rates for this disease. Additionally, disproportionate cigarette abuse places Latino adolescents at a higher risk developing certain cancers.

Other major barriers included a shortage of culturally and linguistically competent health professionals and other staff, lack of resources for referrals to specialty services, long waiting periods for services, and lack of access to quality, inexpensive, continuous care. Information collected during focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and site visits indicated that geographic access was also a problem for the many low-income Montgomery County Latinos who depend on public transportation and often spend long hours on several buses to get to and from service providers.

Due to limited Spanish-language outreach efforts by service providers and unfamiliarity by recent immigrants with the health care system, low-income Latinos were often unaware of existing public and private health care services for the uninsured. Additionally, many undocumented Latinos avoid seeking public health services for fear of deportation. The assessment also identified that low levels of prevention consciousness existed among recent immigrants due to the lack of primary prevention focus on adults in many Latin American countries and the lack of local primary prevention programs aimed at Spanish-speaking Latino populations.

The Latino Health Initiative Cancer Prevention and Control Program was made possible through a grant provided in May 2001 by the State of Maryland Cigarette Restitution Funds. For more information, please e-mail Paola Fernan-Zegarra at paola.fernan-zegarra@montgomerycountymd.gov or call (240) 777-4173.

Facing My Biggest Fear: Improving Educational Opportunities for My Children
By Marcela Garcini, Senior Parent Coordinator, Project CREO, Dallas

Today, I decide to exercise my right to speak of behalf of what I believe. I decided to share my personal experience. For the last three years I was converted to be a Super Ninja Mom, fighting for what I believe is the right thing to do for my children. My biggest fear was confronting the educational system in this country. I was an immigrant with no clue about the educational system in this great nation. My son was ready to start his first year in school, and I was ready to prepare myself, trying to help him to succeed.

I discovered that there are many problems facing the Hispanic community, but our biggest barrier is education. That's why I decided to become an active mom in my community. I learned to raise my voice, but the result was that nobody listened to my concerns.

I don't know why my representatives, school board members, and other organizations that work for the community were deaf to my concerns and needs. For them everything was perfect, we didn't need any changes. They are always concerned about money, raising teachers' salaries, but what about our children, what about the ones that are being left behind? What about our children's drop-out rates? Who is fighting for our children?

Believe me, I want to see my Carlitos become a doctor, I want to see my little Arturo become a lawyer, but I know that we have to learn how to play with in the system, if I want them to succeed. I heard over and over again, "parents are not involved in education." "Hispanics don't care about their children's education." "Parents should be accountable for their children's results." My response is: Wait! Like me, we have thousands of mothers that want to see their children become productive citizens in this country, the sad part is that no one seems to care. No one is effectively responding to our challenges.

(The Hispanic Council for Reform and Educational Options (CREO) is one of the thousands of Latino-serving organizations in SRF's custom-developed provider database.)

I became part of Hispanic Council for Reform and Educational Options (CREO), the first National Latino organization focused on our children's education and on empowering Hispanic parents to understand their school choice options. All children can succeed if they have the same opportunities. Let's acknowledge the fact that Hispanic children don't receive the same quality of education. If you have questions, just walk in our schools in "el barrio."

Today, I'm very excited to be part of Project CREO, a specific initiative of Hispanic CREO. Our mission is to inform Hispanic parents about our rights in education. No Child Left Behind (NCLB), brings to us a new level of accountability. The most important part is that Project CREO is coordinated by parents in their own local communities. The Project focuses on five cities: Austin, San Antonio, Dallas, Camden and Miami. We are tasked with educating Hispanic parents about public school choice and the supplemental services under NCLB in English and Spanish. This will start a new page in our journey. Imagine, empowering parents to be educated on school choice options and to be in charge and deciding about their children's future. We believe that parents can decide, even if they don't speak English. Let them learn and teach them about the system. Think about the implications of empowering the largest minority communities in this country. Don't complain about our poor participation, give us a hand so we can work with the system.

Project CREO will create a unified, educated, and organized voice, it will empower parents to become an active part of the community, but you have to understand how hard is for us because of our language, culture, and social structures.

Thank you Hispanic CREO, for being there for us, for helping to create a united voice in this country! I want to close by saying that we are here to change futures, we are here as parents, we can no longer wait for others to fight for us. We, Hispanic parents, in this country accept the challenge to do whatever it takes to help our children to get the best quality of education. We represent our children and no one can stop us, let's work for the future of this country! Today I continue to fight because of my sons.

Mental Health: Important for Everyone
By Diego Alvarez, Hispanic Radio Network

It's normal to feel sad or even depressed at times - above all, for the many Latinos who come to a new country and have to change their customs and culture in order to adapt to a new life. What's not normal is to sink to a level of deep despair, or to experience schizophrenic symptoms or other psychiatric disturbances. Far from normal depression, these are signs of serious illnesses which require medical treatment.

Martha Budde is a Colombian psychologist who works for a mental health center in Oklahoma. In her line of work, she's had the opportunity to help many Latinos who've found themselves at a point where they need professional mental health services.

"Some people suffer from severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (formerly known as manic depression), and major depression. Among Hispanics, depression is the most common disorder, which suggests a cultural basis to this problem. When you change country, you leave behind family, friends and support networks - the people you grew up with, the people you went to school with. You leave behind your job and your social status. And your language, the food, the customs - in sum, your whole culture," explains Martha.

Remember, not all depressions require a specialist's attention, and, most of the time, sadness is just a normal feeling, but, clinical depression is an actual illness with identifiable symptoms. "Some symptoms include changes in appetite, sleeplessness or sleeping too much, feelings of sadness, low self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, loss of enjoyment of activities that formerly brought pleasure," explains Martha.

"Mental illnesses are typically brought about by a chemical imbalance in the brain. Clinical depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are severe chemical imbalances, and, as such, they respond to medication," explains Martha. By contrast, if a person is experiencing marital problems, for example, this doesn't mean that he has a permanent major mental illness or a chemical imbalance.

Bipolar disorder, which includes symptoms of depression, is another case of a mental illness requiring treatment. Adolescents experiencing bipolar disorder may suffer from constant mood swings, fluctuating between extreme highs (manias) and low (depressions). These mood changes may alternate, or the person may even feel both extremes at the same time.

Bipolar disorder usually begins in adulthood. Although it's less common, it can also occur in adolescence and, in some cases, in early childhood. In other words, this illness can affect anyone - but if one or both parents have bipolar disorder, there's a greater risk that their children will also develop the disease.

The onset of bipolar disorder can entail either depressive symptoms or manic symptoms, such as feeling too happy, laughing uncontrollably, or being irritable, angry, agitated and aggressive. Other manic symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, excessive energy, the ability to go for days without sleep without feeling tired, excessive talking, ongoing risky behavior - including abuse of drugs and alcohol, aggressive driving, or sexual promiscuity.

Depressive symptoms can include irritability, depression or persistent unhappiness, frequent crying, thoughts of death or suicide, inability to enjoy the things that used to bring pleasure, constant physical complaints such as headaches and stomachaches, low levels of energy, fatigue, poor concentration, and marked changes in normal eating or sleeping patterns.

Notice that some of these symptoms can also mirror other problems of adolescence - drug abuse, delinquency, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Sometimes, these are also the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Clearly, finding the right diagnosis is hard, and can only happen after careful observations over a long period of time. If your children are experiencing difficulties, a detailed evaluation by a child psychiatrist can help to pin down exactly what the problem is and, if necessary, to identify the appropriate treatment plan.

Remember the basic rule of thumb: If the symptoms are preventing you (or your loved one) from leading a normal life - ie, if you can't make it to work, if you sleep all day or don't sleep at all, if you hear or see things that other people don't - then you probably need to get help.

For more information about mental illnesses, get in touch with your help-line at 1-800-473-3003.

 

Announcements

The Foundation Center offers Spanish-language resources for grant-seekers: Guía para escribir propuestas (Guide to Proposal Writing); Curso breve para escribir propuestas, an on-line proposal writing; and Información en español para organizaciones sin fines de lucro, a resource list for nonprofits.



Available from National Mental Health Association, ¿Qué es la depresión?, a bilingual resource for the Latino community about the signs of depression and getting help. Place your order at www.nmha.org/bookstore. For a free copy, call (800) 969-6642 x7534.

California Project LEAN's Strong Bones, Healthy Family campaign educates Latinas in how to prevent osteoporosis. To learn more about this and other Project LEAN health programs, visit www.californiaprojectlean.org.

Community Pregnancy Centers offers free confidential services in California... Pregnancy Testing. STD Clinic. Counseling. Prenatal care. Adoption referrals. And many more services. Call (408) 272-5577 or visit our Web site at http://www.mycpc.org.

The National Center for Farmworker Health seeks to enhance Migrant Health Centers' capacity to provide access to care and eliminate health disparities between farmworkers and the general population. More information at: www.ncfh.org.

Puente Project provides mentoring and assistance to Latino youth in California who wish to go to college and also reports on the educational equity field nationwide. Their Web site: www.puente.net.

NAMI (National Alliance for the Mentally Ill) provides Web-based information on mental illness and offers Spanish-language support groups at some locations across the country. Go to www.nami.org and click on "en español."

To post an announcement in Acceso Hispano...
Acceso Hispano runs free bilingual announcements of national or regional interest (for not-for-profit concerns). Announcements may be up to 35 words (English) and however long the exact Spanish translation is. We also include logos and Web site links. We prefer bilingual submissions, but can translate if necessary. Deadline: 2 weeks before publication date. Submit announcements to Editor@hrn.org.


Are You Doing Good Work? Contributors' Guidelines

Acceso Hispano is looking for articles about exemplary programs in the field of Latino outreach. Your 450-900 word (1-2 page) article can discuss your organization or project's mission, size and scope, deliverables, target audiences, and lessons learned. Submit articles and photos Editor@hrn.org. We reserve the right to make editorial changes.

 

Hispanic Radio Network Programming

HRN radio programming includes six, daily short-form programs and a live, weekly call-in talk-show on immigrant affairs, Bienvenidos a America.

Hi-Tech

News about the latest advances in science and technology, educational opportunities in these fields, and how Latinos can benefit from them.

Fuente de Salud (Fountain of Health)

Access to healthcare and health information are two of the most pressing problems facing the Hispanic community today. Moreover, particularly among immigrant populations, communities must face higher-than-average rates of diabetes, obesity, and other health problems. We tackle these issues on Fuente de Salud.

Camino al Éxito (Road to Success)

Millions of Latinos are drawn to this country with the promise of economic advancement, but many times, despite our ethics of hard work and preserverence, Latino immigrants do not benefit from the fruits of our labor. Camino al Éxito offers financial advice for people wishing to build a brighter future for themselves and their families.

Saber Es Poder (Knowledge is Power)

When millions of immigrants arrive in this country for the first time, they immediately face a daunting legal labyrinth of red tape. Saber Es Poder provides information and advice on the many rules and regulations that must be followed to live and profit in this country.

Planeta Azul (Blue Planet)

Despite clichés to the contrary, many Latinos have a strong sense of the need to protect and preserve the environment, derived from our indigenous heritages. Planeta Azul provides information on programs and opportunities to participate in the responsible stewardship of our planet.

Tradiciones (Traditions)

Through Tradiciones, we offer our listeners the opportunity to explore the musical and cultural histories not only of different Latin American countries, but also of the emerging new forms of art and expression in the United States.

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